References

AERA, APA, and NCME. 1999. “Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing.” Washington: American Educational Research Association, American Psychological Association, & National Council on Measurement in Education.
———. 2014. “Standards for Educational and Pshychological Testing.” Washington: American Educational Research Association, American Psychological Association & National Council on Measurement in Education.
Arbuckle, J. L. 2019. “Amos.” Chicago: IBM Corp.
Bandalos, Deborah L. 2014. “Relative Performance of Categorical Diagonally Weighted Least Squares and Robust Maximum Likelihood Estimation.” Structural Equation Modeling 21 (1): 102–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705511.2014.859510.
———. 2018. Measurement Theory and Applications for the Social Sciences. New York: Guilford Press.
Bell, Stephanie M., R. Philip Chalmers, and David B. Flora. 2023. “The Impact of Measurement Model Misspecification on Coefficient Omega Estimates of Composite Reliability.” Educational and Psychological Measurement, 1–36. https://doi.org/10.1177/00131644231155804.
Bentler, Peter M., and Erik Wu. 2020. EQS 6.4 for Windows.” Multivariate Software, Inc. https://mvsoft.com.
Brown, Timothy A. 2015. Confirmatory Factor Analysis for Applied Research. New York: The Guilford Press.
———. 2023. “Confirmatory Factor Analysis.” In Handbook of Structural Equation Modeling, edited by Rick H. Hoyle. New York: The Guilford Press.
Cho, Eunseong. 2022. “Reliability and Omega Hierarchical in Multidimensional Data: A Comparison of Various Estimators.” Psychological Methods. https://doi.org/10.1037/met0000525.
Cohen, Ronald Jay, Joel W. Schneider, and Renée M. Tobin. 2022. Psychological Testing and Assessment: An Introduction to Test and Measurement. New York: McGraw Hill LLC.
Collier, Joel E. 2020. Applied Structural Equation Modeling Using AMOS: Basic to Advanced Techniques. New York: Routledge.
Crede, Marcus, and Peter Harms. 2019. “Questionable Research Practices When Using Confirmatory Factor Analysis.” Journal of Managerial Psychology 34 (1): 18–30. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMP-06-2018-0272.
Davvetas, Vasileios, Adamantios Diamantopoulos, Ghasem Zaefarian, and Christina Sichtmann. 2020. “Ten Basic Questions about Structural Equations Modeling You Should Know the Answers to – But Perhaps You Don’t.” Industrial Marketing Management 90 (October): 252–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2020.07.016.
Dunn, Thomas J., Thom Baguley, and Vivienne Brunsden. 2014. “From Alpha to Omega: A Practical Solution to the Pervasive Problem of Internal Consistency Estimation.” British Journal of Psychology 105 (3): 399–412. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjop.12046.
Enders, Craig. 2023. “Fitting Structural Equation Models with Missing Data.” In Handbook of Structural Equation Modeling, edited by Rick H. Hoyle. New York: The Guilford Press.
Feng, Yi, and Gregory R. Hancock. 2023. “Power Analysis Within a Structural Equation Modeling Framework.” In Handbook of Structural Equation Modeling, edited by Rick H. Hoyle. New York: The Guilford Press.
Flake, Jessica Kay, Ian J. Davidson, Octavia Wong, and Jolynn Pek. 2022. “Construct Validity and the Validity of Replication Studies: A Systematic Review.” American Psychologist 77 (4): 576–88. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0001006.
Flake, Jessica Kay, and Eiko I. Fried. 2020. “Measurement Schmeasurement: Questionable Measurement Practices and How to Avoid Them.” Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science 3 (4): 456–65. https://doi.org/10.1177/2515245920952393.
Flake, Jessica K., Jolynn Pek, and Eric Hehman. 2017. “Construct Validation in Social and Personality Research: Current Practices and Recommendations.” Social Psychological and Personality Science 8 (4): 370–78. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550617693063.
Flora, David B. 2020. “Your Coefficient Alpha Is Probably Wrong, but Which Coefficient Omega Is Right? A Tutorial on Using R to Obtain Better Reliability Estimates.” Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science 3 (4): 484–501. https://doi.org/10.1177/2515245920951747.
Flora, David B., and Jessica K. Flake. 2017. “The Purpose and Practice of Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis in Psychological Research: Decisions for Scale Development and Validation.” Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science 49 (2): 78–88. https://doi.org/10.1037/cbs0000069.
Fox, John. 2022. “Sem: Structural Equation Modeling.” R package. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/sem/.
Furr, Michael R. 2021. Psychometrics: An Introduction. SAGE Publications.
Gilroy, Shawn P., and Brent A. Kaplan. 2019. “Furthering Open Science in Behavior Analysis: An Introduction and Tutorial for Using GitHub in Research.” Perspectives on Behavior Science 42 (3): 565–81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40614-019-00202-5.
Goodboy, Alan K., and Matthew M. Martin. 2020. “Omega over Alpha for Reliability Estimation of Unidimensional Communication Measures.” Annals of the International Communication Association 44 (4): 422–39. https://doi.org/10.1080/23808985.2020.1846135.
Green, Samuel B., Theresa M. Akey, Kandace K. Fleming, Scott L. Hershberger, and Janet G. Marquis. 1997. “Effect of the Number of Scale Points on Chi-Square Fit Indices in Confirmatory Factor Analysis.” Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal 4 (2): 108–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519709540064.
Green, Samuel B., and Yanyun Yang. 2015. “Evaluation of Dimensionality in the Assessment of Internal Consistency Reliability: Coefficient Alpha and Omega Coefficients.” Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice 34 (4): 14–20. https://doi.org/10.1111/emip.12100.
Groskurth, Katharina, Matthias Bluemke, and Clemens M. Lechner. 2023. “Why We Need to Abandon Fixed Cutoffs for Goodness-of-Fit Indices: An Extensive Simulation and Possible Solutions.” Behavior Research Methods, August. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-023-02193-3.
Hair, Joseph F., Tomas M. G. Hult, Christian M. Ringle, and Marko Sarstedt. 2022. A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
Hair, Joseph F., Marko Sarstedt, Christian Ringle, and Siegfried P. Gudergan. 2017. Advanced Issues in Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling. London: SAGE Publications, Inc.
Harrington, Donna. 2009. Confirmatory Factor Analysis. New York: Oxford University Press.
Hayes, Andrew F., and Jacob J. Coutts. 2020. “Use Omega Rather Than Cronbach’s Alpha for Estimating Reliability. But.” Communication Methods and Measures 14 (1): 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/19312458.2020.1718629.
Henseler, Jörg. 2021. Composite-Based Structural Equation Modeling: Analyzing Latent and Emergent Variables. New York: The Guilford Press.
Holgado-Tello, F., M. Morata-Ramirez, and M. García. 2016. “Robust Estimation Methods in Confirmatory Factor Analysis of Likert Scales: A Simulation Study.” International Review of Social Sciences and Humanities 11 (2): 80–96.
Hoyle, Rick H. 2023. “Structural Equation Modeling: An Overview.” In Handbook of Structural Equation Modeling, edited by Rick H. Hoyle. New Yoirk: Guilford Press.
Huang, Po-Hsien. 2017. “Asymptotics of AIC, BIC, and RMSEA for Model Selection in Structural Equation Modeling.” Psychometrika 82 (2): 407–26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11336-017-9572-y.
Hughes, David J. 2018. “Psychometric Validity: Establishing the Accuracy and Appropriateness of Psychometric Measures.” In The Wiley Handbook of Psychometric Testing: A Multidisciplinary Reference on Survey, Scale and Test Development, edited by Paul Irwing, Tom Booth, and David J. Hughes. John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Jackson, Dennis L., J. Arthur Gillaspy, and Rebecca Purc-Stephenson. 2009. “Reporting Practices in Confirmatory Factor Analysis: An Overview and Some Recommendations.” Psychological Methods 14 (1). https://doi.org/10.1037/a0014694.
Jak, Suzanne, Terrence D Jorgensen, Mathilde G E Verdam, Frans J Oort, and Louise Elffers. 2021. “Analytical Power Calculations for Structural Equation Modeling: A Tutorial and Shiny App.” Behavior Research Mehods 53: 1385–1406. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-020-01479-0/Published.
JASP Team. 2023. JASP.” [Computer Software]. https://jasp-stats.org/.
Jobst, Lisa J., Martina Bader, and Morten Moshagen. 2023. “A Tutorial on Assessing Statistical Power and Determining Sample Size for Structural Equation Models.” Psychological Methods 28 (1): 207–21. https://doi.org/10.1037/met0000423.
Jöreskog, K. G., and D. Sörbom. 2022. LISREL 12 for Windows.” Scientific Software International, Inc. https://ssicentral.com/index.php/products/lisrel/.
Kalkbrenner, Michael T. 2023. “Alpha, Omega, and H Internal Consistency Reliability Estimates: Reviewing These Options and When to Use Them.” Counseling Outcome Research and Evaluation 14 (1): 77–88. https://doi.org/10.1080/21501378.2021.1940118.
Kathawalla, Ummul-Kiram, Priya Silverstein, and Moin Syed. 2021. “Easing Into Open Science: A Guide for Graduate Students and Their Advisors.” Collabra: Psychology 7 (1): 18684. https://doi.org/10.1525/collabra.18684.
Klein, Olivier, Tom E. Hardwicke, Frederik Aust, Johannes Breuer, Henrik Danielsson, Alicia Hofelich Mohr, Hans IJzerman, Gustav Nilsonne, Wolf Vanpaemel, and Michael C. Frank. 2018. “A Practical Guide for Transparency in Psychological Science.” Edited by Michéle Nuijten and Simine Vazire. Collabra: Psychology 4 (1): 20. https://doi.org/10.1525/collabra.158.
Kline, Rex B. 2016. Principles and Pratice of Structural Equation Modeling. New York: The Guilford Press.
———. 2023. Principles and Pratice of Structural Equation Modeling. Fifth Edition. New York: The Guilford Press.
Kyriazos, Theodoros A. 2018. “Applied Psychometrics: Sample Size and Sample Power Considerations in Factor Analysis (EFA, CFA) and SEM in General.” Psychology 09 (08): 2207–30. https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2018.98126.
Lai, Keke. 2020. “Confidence Interval for RMSEA or CFI Difference Between Nonnested Models.” Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal 27 (1): 16–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705511.2019.1631704.
———. 2021. “Fit Difference Between Nonnested Models Given Categorical Data: Measures and Estimation.” Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal 28 (1): 99–120. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705511.2020.1763802.
Leite, Walter L., Deborah L. Bandalos, and Zuchao Shen. 2023. “Simulation Methods in Structural Equation Modeling.” In Handbook of Structural Equation Modeling, edited by Rick H. Hoyle. New York: The Guilford Press.
Li, Cheng Hsien. 2016. “Confirmatory Factor Analysis with Ordinal Data: Comparing Robust Maximum Likelihood and Diagonally Weighted Least Squares.” Behavior Research Methods 48 (3): 936–49. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-015-0619-7.
Mai, Robert, Thomas Niemand, and Sascha Kraus. 2021. “A Tailored-Fit Model Evaluation Strategy for Better Decisions about Structural Equation Models.” Technological Forecasting and Social Change 173 (December): 121142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121142.
Martins, Henrique Castro. 2021. “Tutorial-Articles: The Importance of Data and Code Sharing.” Revista de Administração Contemporânea 25 (1): e200212. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-7849rac2021200212.
Maydeu-Olivares, Alberto, Amanda J. Fairchild, and Alexander G. Hall. 2017. “Goodness of Fit in Item Factor Analysis: Effect of the Number of Response Alternatives.” Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal 24 (4): 495–505. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705511.2017.1289816.
McNeish, Daniel. 2018. “Thanks Coefficient Alpha, We’ll Take It from Here.” Psychological Methods 23 (3): 412–33. https://doi.org/10.1037/met0000144.
———. 2023a. “Dynamic Fit Index Cutoffs for Factor Analysis with Likert, Ordinal, or Binary Responses.” PsyArXiv Preprints. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/tp35s.
———. 2023b. “Generalizability of Dynamic Fit Index, Equivalence Testing, and Hu & Bentler Cutoffs for Evaluating Fit in Factor Analysis.” Multivariate Behavioral Research 58 (1): 195–219. https://doi.org/10.1080/00273171.2022.2163477.
McNeish, Daniel, and Melissa G. Wolf. 2023a. “Dynamic Fit Index Cutoffs for Confirmatory Factor Analysis Models.” Psychological Methods 28 (1): 61–88. https://doi.org/10.1037/met0000425.
McNeish, Daniel, and Melissa Gordon Wolf. 2023b. “Direct Discrepancy Dynamic Fit Index Cutoffs for Arbitrary Covariance Structure Models.” Preprint. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/4r9fq.
Mendes-Da-Silva, Wesley. 2023. “What Lectures and Research in Business Management Need to Know About Open Science.” Revista de Administração de Empresas 63 (4): e0000–0033. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0034-759020230408x.
Moshagen, Morten, and Martina Bader. 2023. semPower: General Power Analysis for Structural Equation Models.” Behavior Research Methods, November. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-023-02254-7.
Muthén, L. K., and B. O. Muthén. 2023. “Mplus Version 8.9 User’s Guide.”
Nalbantoğlu-Yılmaz, Funda. 2019. “Comparison of Different Estimation Methods Used in Confirmatory Factor Analyses in Non-Normal Data: A Monte Carlo Study.” International Online Journal of Educational Sciences 11 (4). https://doi.org/10.15345/iojes.2019.04.010.
Neale, Michael C., Michael D. Hunter, Joshua N. Pritikin, Mahsa Zahery, Timothy R. Brick, Robert M. Kirkpatrick, Ryne Estabrook, Timothy C. Bates, Hermine H. Maes, and Steven M. Boker. 2016. OpenMx 2.0: Extended Structural Equation and Statistical Modeling.” Psychometrika 81 (2): 535–49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11336-014-9435-8.
Niemand, Thomas, and Robert Mai. 2018. “Flexible Cutoff Values for Fit Indices in the Evaluation of Structural Equation Models.” Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 46 (6): 1148–72. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-018-0602-9.
Nye, Christopher D. 2022. “Reviewer Resources: Confirmatory Factor Analysis.” Organizational Research Methods, August, 109442812211205. https://doi.org/10.1177/10944281221120541.
Pilcher, Nick, and Martin Cortazzi. 2023. “’Qualitative’ and ’Quantitative’ Methods and Approaches Across Subject Fields: Implications for Research Values, Assumptions, and Practices.” Quality & Quantity, September. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-023-01734-4.
Pornprasertmanit, Sunthud, Patrick Miller, Terrence D. Jorgensen, and Quick Corbin. 2022. “Simsem: SIMulated Structural Equation Modeling.” R package. www.simsem.org.
Preacher, Kristopher J., and Haley E. Yaremych. 2023. “Model Selection in Structural Equation Modeling.” In Handbook of Structural Equation Modeling, edited by Rick H. Hoyle. New York: The Guilford Press.
Price, Larry R. 2017. Psychometric Methods: Theory into Practice. 1st Edition. Methodology in the Social Sciences. New York: The Guilford Press.
Reeves, Todd D., and Gili Marbach-Ad. 2016. “Contemporary Test Validity in Theory and Practice: A Primer for Discipline-Based Education Researchers.” CBE Life Sciences Education 15 (1). https://doi.org/10.1187/cbe.15-08-0183.
Rhemtulla, Mijke, Patricia É Brosseau-Liard, and Victoria Savalei. 2012. “When Can Categorical Variables Be Treated as Continuous? A Comparison of Robust Continuous and Categorical SEM Estimation Methods Under Suboptimal Conditions.” Psychological Methods 17 (3): 354–73. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029315.
Ringle, Christian M., Sven Wende, and Jan Michael Becker. 2022. SmartPLS 4.” Oststeinbek: SmartPLS. https://www.smartpls.com.
Rios, Joseph, and Craig Wells. 2014. “Validity Evidence Based on Internal Structure.” Psicothema 26 (1): 108–16. https://doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2013.260.
Robitzsch, Alexander. 2020. “Why Ordinal Variables Can (Almost) Always Be Treated as Continuous Variables: Clarifying Assumptions of Robust Continuous and Ordinal Factor Analysis Estimation Methods.” Frontiers in Education 5 (October). https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2020.589965.
———. 2022. “On the Bias in Confirmatory Factor Analysis When Treating Discrete Variables as Ordinal Instead of Continuous.” Axioms 11 (4). https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms11040162.
Rogers, Pablo. 2022. “Best Practices for Your Exploratory Factor Analysis: A Factor Tutorial.” Revista de Administração Contemporânea 26 (6). https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-7849rac2022210085.en.
———. 2024. “Best Practices for Your Confirmatory Factor Analysis: A JASP and Lavaan Tutorial.” Behavior Research Methods, March. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-024-02375-7.
Rosseel, Yves. 2012. “Lavaan: An R Package for Structural Equation Modeling.” Journal of Statistical Software 48 (2): 1–36. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v048.i02.
Schumacker, Randall E., Stefanie A. Wind, and Lauren F. Holmes. 2021. “Resources for Identifying Measurement Instruments for Social Science Research.” Measurement: Interdisciplinary Research and Perspectives 19 (4): 250–57. https://doi.org/10.1080/15366367.2021.1950486.
Shek, Daniel T. L., and Lu Yu. 2014. “Use of Structural Equation Modeling in Human Development Research.” International Journal on Disability and Human Development 13 (2): 157–67. https://doi.org/10.1515/ijdhd-2014-0302.
Sireci, Stephen G., and Tia Sukin. 2013. “Test Validity.” In APA Handbook of Testing and Assessment in Psychology, Vol. 1: Test Theory and Testing and Assessment in Industrial and Organizational Psychology., 61–84. Washington: American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/14047-004.
The jamovi project. 2023. “Jamovi.” [Computer Software]. https://www.jamovi.org.
Trizano-Hermosilla, Italo, and Jesús M. Alvarado. 2016. “Best Alternatives to Cronbach’s Alpha Reliability in Realistic Conditions: Congeneric and Asymmetrical Measurements.” Frontiers in Psychology 7 (MAY). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00769.
Urbina, Susana. 2014. Essentials of Psychological Testing. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
Wang, Y. Andre, and Mijke Rhemtulla. 2021. “Power Analysis for Parameter Estimation in Structural Equation Modeling: A Discussion and Tutorial.” Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science 4 (1): 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1177/2515245920918253.
Wang, Yilin Andre. 2023. “How to Conduct Power Analysis for Structural Equation Models: A Practical Primer.” Preprint. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/4n3uk.
West, Stephen G., Wei Wu, Daniel McNeish, and Andrea Savord. 2023. “Model Fit in Structural Equation Modeling.” In Handbook of Structural Equation Modeling, edited by Rick H. Hoyle. New York: The Guilford Press.
Westland, Christopher J. 2010. “Lower Bounds on Sample Size in Structural Equation Modeling.” Electronic Commerce Research and Applications 9 (6). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elerap.2010.07.003.
Whittaker, Tiffany A., and Randall E. Schumacker. 2022. A Beginner’s Guide to Structural Equation Modeling. Fifth Edition. New York: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.
Widodo, Estu. 2018. “Some Notes on the Contemporary Views of Validity in Psychological and Educational Assessment.” Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research 231: 732–34. https://doi.org/10.3968/8877.
Wilkinson, Mark D., Michel Dumontier, IJsbrand Jan Aalbersberg, Gabrielle Appleton, Myles Axton, Arie Baak, Niklas Blomberg, et al. 2016. “The FAIR Guiding Principles for Scientific Data Management and Stewardship.” Scientific Data 3 (1): 160018. https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2016.18.
Xia, Yan, and Yanyun Yang. 2018. “The Influence of Number of Categories and Threshold Values on Fit Indices in Structural Equation Modeling with Ordered Categorical Data.” Multivariate Behavioral Research 53 (5): 731–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/00273171.2018.1480346.
———. 2019. RMSEA, CFI, and TLI in Structural Equation Modeling with Ordered Categorical Data: The Story They Tell Depends on the Estimation Methods.” Behavior Research Methods 51 (1): 409–28. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-018-1055-2.
Yang, Yanyun, and Xinya Liang. 2013. “Confirmatory Factor Analysis Under Violations of Distributional and Structural Assumptions.” Int. J. Quantitative Research in Education 1 (1): 61–84.
Yang-Wallentin, Fan, Karl G. Jöreskog, and Hao Luo. 2010. “Confirmatory Factor Analysis of Ordinal Variables with Misspecified Models.” Structural Equation Modeling 17 (3): 392–423. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705511.2010.489003.
Yuan, Ke Hai, Wai Chan, George A. Marcoulides, and Peter M. Bentler. 2016. “Assessing Structural Equation Models by Equivalence Testing With Adjusted Fit Indexes.” Structural Equation Modeling 23 (3): 319–30. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705511.2015.1065414.
Zhang, Zhiyong, and Ke-Hai Yuan. 2018. Practical Statistical Power Analysis Using Webpower and R. Indiana: ISDSA Press. https://doi.org/10.35566/power.